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The Download political thought in modern india thomas pantham pdf 271 16 is a great article that will give you all the information on this topic. Whenever you are looking for an interesting read, be sure to go ahead and check it out. This document is about the time of India after it gained its freedom, which was also known as the "turn of mid-century". The period began with India dividing amicably into two territories, which were then given to Pakistan and Bangladesh respectively. India received its freedom in 1947; the new country's first Prime Minister was Jawaharlal Nehru. He was a writer and a socialist, which was seen as a significant difference from Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was a devout Hindu. While the two leaders differed philosophically, they worked together closely to build democratic institutions and develop their country's infrastructure to promote equitable growth. Nehru focused on the development of this new country for his first few years in office. However, he quickly came into conflict with arch-rival Pakistan over issues of Kashmir. Nehru believed that India's unity depended on his ability to resolve these conflicts peacefully; ultimately that would be largely unsuccessful. It became clear that the issues between India and Pakistan were too great to be resolved by diplomatic means at this point in time. India was forced to accept that it could not effectively resolve the Kashmir dispute without resorting to war. Consequently, India declared war on Pakistan in September 1947, with the aim of gaining control of all of Kashmir. The overt purpose was to return Kashmir to India; however, the actual objective was to capture the city of Lahore. The Indian Army quickly reached Lahore and captured it with relative ease, as Pakistani forces were limited by lack of preparation (the state of war between the two nations had been declared only hours earlier). Pakistan was able to establish a defensive line along most of its border with India; this line collapsed only days later under intense pressure from Indian troops. On both fronts, most major cities were captured by India. However, the war was not decided by military means. India had plans to retake Kashmir; what actually happened was that it lost control of almost all of Kashmir. Pakistan's western border was secured; however, its eastern border fell along the northwestern frontier of Kashmir. Six months after the war started, Pakistani troops attempted to recapture these lands but were stopped before they could do so. The war ended with India having gained control over most of Punjab and Kashmir. Indian troops were near enough to Lahore to capture it if they desired; however, they did not desire this and withdrew from the city in December 1948 instead. Indian troops would continue to fight Pakistani forces until Independence Day in August 1950. This would be the only major war that India fought to gain control of Kashmir, and it ended in a failure. Nehru did not see this failure as a setback for his country's freedom; rather it encouraged him to focus his efforts on establishing a democratic government and economic development in India instead.Bibliography Introduction Pakistan, a Land of Dreams Back to Blackboard Slides 1 & 2 Jawahar Lal Nehru- The Father of Modern India. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 16 April 2018. Web. 16 April 2018. https://www.britannica. cfa1e77820
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